Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementias

A Review with Particular Reference to Pin1 Protein

 

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Compiled by: Julian Thorpe

The Tauopathies

N.B. This aspect of our research is funded by a 3-Year  Project Grant from

***** (See the University Press Release about our Grant) *****


The tauopathies are a group of diverse dementias and movement disorders which have as a common pathological feature the presence of intracellular accumulations of abnormal filaments of tau protein

Pin1 protein is therefore likely to have a role in these diseases , not only because of the presence of tangles, but also - as in AD - the re-expression and activation of cell cycle-related proteins has also been found in the tauopathies Down's Syndrome (DS), Corticobasal Degeneration (CBD), Frontotemporal Dementia with Parkinsonism linked to Chromosome 17 (FTDP17), Pick's Disease (PiD) and Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP; Husseman et al., 2000).

I would suggest seeing Lee, Goedert and Trojanowski's 2001 review article as a good starting point in getting 'up to speed' on these tauopathies.

Some Related References

 
N.B. Free Medical Journals online now at : http://www.freemedicaljournals.com/
(These journals include: Neurology, Neurobiology of Disease, Journal of Neurochemistry, Alzheimer's Disease Review)

Adamec, E, Murrell, JR, Takao, M, Hobbs, W, Nixon, RA, Ghetti, B, Vonsattel, JP (2002) P301L tauopathy: confocal immunofluorescence study of perinuclear aggregation of the mutated protein. JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES 200: 85-93

Allen, B, Ingram, E, Takao, M, Smith, MJ, Jakes, R, Virdee, K, Yoshida, H, Holzer, M, Craxton, M, Emson, PC, Atzori, C, Migheli, A, Crowther, RA, Ghetti, B, Spillantini, MG, Goedert, M (2002) Abundant tau filaments and nonapoptotic neurodegeneration in transgenic mice expressing human P301S tau protein . JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE 22: 9340-9351

Arai, T, Ikeda, K, Akiyama, H, Tsuchiya, K, Iritani, S, Ishiguro, K, Yagishita, S, Oda, T, Odawara, T, Iseki, E (2003) Different immunoreactivities of the microtubule-binding region of tau and its molecular basis in brains from patients with Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration. ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA 105: 489-498

Arai, T, Nonaka, T, Hasegawa, M, Akiyama, H, Yoshida, M, Hashizume, Y, Tsuchiya, K, Oda, T, Ikeda, K (2003) Neuronal and glial inclusions in frontotemporal dementia with or without motor neuron disease are immunopositive for p62. NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS 342: 41-44  

Armstrong, RA, Lantos, PL, Cairns, NJ (2005) Overlap between neurodegenerative disorders. NEUROPATHOLOGY 25: 111-124

Avila, J, Lim, F, Moreno, F, Belmonte, C, Cuello, AC (2002) Tau function and dysfunction in neurons - Its role in neurodegenerative disorders. MOLECULAR NEUROBIOLOGY 25: 213-231

Avila, J, Perez, M, Lim, F, Gomez-Ramos, A, Hernandez, F, Lucas, JJ (2004) Tau in neurodegenerative diseases: Tau phosphorylation and assembly. NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH 6: 477-482

Barbiero, L, Benussi, L, Ghidoni, R, Alberici, A, Russo, C, Schettini, G, Pagano, SF, Parati, EA, Mazzoli, F, Nicosia, F, Signorini, S, Feudatari, E, Binetti, G (2003) BACE-2 is overexpressed in Down's syndrome. EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY 182: 335-345

Bendiske, J, Caba, E, Brown, QB, Bahr, BA (2002) Intracellular deposition, microtubule destabilization, and transport failure: An "early" pathogenic cascade leading to synaptic decline. JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY 61: 640-650

Berry, RW, Abraha, A, Lagalwar, S, LaPointe, N, Gamblin, TC, Cryns, VL, Binder, LI (2003) Inhibition of tau polymerization by its carboxy-terminal caspase cleavage fragment. BIOCHEMISTRY 42: 8325-8331  

Berry, RW, Sweet, AP, Clark, FA, Lagalwar, S, Lapin, BR, Wang, T, Topgi, S, Guillozet-Bongaarts, AL, Cochran, EJ, Bigio, EH, Binder, LI (2004) Tau epitope display in progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration. JOURNAL OF NEUROCYTOLOGY 33: 287-295

Bigio, EH, Lipton, AM, White, CL, Dickson, DW, Hirano, A (2003) Frontotemporal and motor neurone degeneration with neurofilament inclusion bodies: additional evidence for overlap between FTD and ALS. NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY 29: 239-253

Bimonte-Nelson, HA, Hunter, CL, Nelson, ME, Granholm, ACE (2003) Frontal cortex BDNF levels correlate with working memory in an animal model of Down syndrome. BEHAVIOURAL BRAIN RESEARCH 139: 47-57

Binetti, G, Nicosia, F, Benussi, L, Ghidoni, R, Feudatari, E, Barbiero, L, Signorini, S, Villa, A, Mattioli, F, Zanetti, O, Alberici, A (2003) Prevalence of TAU mutations in an Italian clinical series of familial frontotemporal patients. NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS 338: 85-87

Bird, T, Knopman, D, VanSwieten, J, Rosso, S, Feldman, H, Tanabe, H, Graff-Raford, N, Geschwind, D, Verpillat, P, Hutton, M (2003) Epidemiology and genetics of frontotemporal dementia/Pick's disease. ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY 54: S29-S31

Birdi, S, Rajput, AH, Fenton, M, Donat, JR, Rozdilsky, B, Robinson, C, Macaulay, R, George, D (2002) Progressive supranuclear palsy diagnosis and confounding features: Report on 16 autopsied cases. MOVEMENT DISORDERS 17: 1255-1264

Boccardi, M, Sabattoli, F, Testa, C, Beltramello, A, Soininen, H, Frisoni, GB (2004) APOE and modulation of Alzheimer's and frontotemporal dementia. NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS 356: 167-170

Boeve, B, Dickson, D, Duffy, J, Bartleson, J, Trenerry, M, Petersen, R (2003) Progressive nonfluent aphasia and subsequent aphasic dementia associated with atypical progressive supranuclear palsy pathology. EUROPEAN NEUROLOGY 49: 72-78

Borghi, R, Piccini, A, Delacourte, A, Strocchi, P, Zaccheo, D, Tabaton, M (2004) Protein levels of glycogen synthase 3 kinase are normal in progressive supranuclear palsy. NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS 366: 67-70

Bornebroek, M, Breteler, MMB (2004) Epidemiology of non-AD dementias. CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCE RESEARCH 3: 349-361

Brandt, R, Hundelt, M, Shahani, N (2005) Tau alteration and neuronal degeneration in tauopathies: mechanisms and models. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE 1739: 331-354

Broe, M, Hodges, JR, Schofield, E, Shepherd, CE, Kril, JJ, Halliday, GM (2003) Staging disease severity in pathologically confirmed cases of frontotemporal dementia. NEUROLOGY 60: 1005-1011

Buee, L, Delacourte, A (2002) Alzheimer's disease: just another tauopathy? MEDECINE SCIENCES 18: 727-736

Burn, DJ, Lee, AJ (2002) Progressive supranuclear palsy: where are we now? LANCET NEUROLOGY 1: 359-369

Cairns, NJ, Brannstrom, T, Khan, MN, Rossor, MN, Lantos, PL (2003) Neuronal loss in familial frontotemporal dementia with ubiquitin-positive, tau-negative inclusions. EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY 181: 319-326

Campdelacreu, J, Ezquerra, M, Munoz, E, Oliva, R, Tolosa, E (2003) Mutational study of the nuclear factor kappa B inducing kinase gene in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy. NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS 340: 158-160

Carrilho, PEM, Barbosa, ER (2002) Progressive supranuclear palsy in a sample of Brazilian population - Clinical features of 16 patients. ARQUIVOS DE NEURO-PSIQUIATRIA 60: 917-922

Cash, AD, Aliev, G, Siedlak, SL, Nunomura, A, Fujioka, H, Zhu, XW, Raina, AK, Vinters, HV, Tabaton, M, Johnson, AB, Paula-Barbosa, M, Avila, J, Jones, PK, Castellani, RJ, Smith, MA, Perry, G (2003) Microtubule reduction in Alzheimer's disease and aging is independent of tau filament formation. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 162: 1623-1627  

Cataldo, AM, Petanceska, S, Peterhoff, CM, Terio, NB, Epstein, CJ, Villar, A, Carlson, EJ, Staufenbiel, M, Nixon, RA (2003) App gene dosage modulates endosomal abnormalities of Alzheimer's disease in a segmental trisomy 16 mouse model of Down syndrome. JOURNAL OF NEUROSCIENCE 23: 6788-6792  

Cataldo, AM, Petanceska, S, Terio, NB, Peterhoff, CM, Durham, R, Mercken, M, Mehta, PD, Buxbaum, J, Haroutunian, V, Nixon, RA (2004) A beta localization in abnormal endosomes: association with earliest A beta elevations in AD and Down syndrome. NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING 25: 1263-1272

Chang, HT, Cortez, S, Vonsattel, JP, Stopa, EG, Schelper, RL (2004) Familial frontotemporal dementia: a report of three cases of severe cerebral atrophy with rare inclusions that are negative for tau and synuclein, but positive for ubiquitin. ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA 108: 10-16

Chen, F, David, D, Ferrari, A, Gotz, J (2004) Posttranslational modifications of tau - Role in human tauopathies and modeling in transgenic animals. CURRENT DRUG TARGETS 5: 503-515

Chirichigno, JW, Manfredi, G, Beal, MF, Albers, DS (2002) Stress-induced mitochondrial depolarization and oxidative damage in PSP cybrids . BRAIN RESEARCH 951: 31-35

Chiti, F, Stefani, M, Taddei, N, Ramponi, G, Dobson, CM (2003) Rationalization of the effects of mutations on peptide and protein aggregation rates. NATURE 424: 805-808

Chow, TW, Miller, BL, Boone, K, Mishkin, F, Cummings, JL (2002) Frontotemporal dementia classification and neuropsychiatry. NEUROLOGIST 8: 263-269

Colosimo, C, Osaki, Y, Vanacore, N, Lees, AJ (2003) Lack of association between progressive supranuclear palsy and arterial hypertension: A clinicopathological study. MOVEMENT DISORDERS 18: 694-697  

Connell, JW, Rodriguez-Martin, T, Gibb, GM, Kahn, NM, Grierson, AJ, Hanger, DP, Revesz, T, Lantos, PL, Anderton, BH, Gallo, JM (2005) Quantitative analysis of tau isoform transcripts in sporadic tauopathies. MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH 137: 104-109

Curcio, SAM, Kawarai, T, Paterson, AD, Maletta, RG, Puccio, G, Perri, M, Di Natale, M, Palermo, S, Foncin, JF, Hyslop, PHS, Bruni, AC (2002) A large Calabrian kindred segregating frontotemporal dementia. JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY 249: 911-922

Davidsson, P, Sjogren, M, Andreasen, N, Lindbjer, M, Nilsson, CL, Westman-Brinkmalm, A, Blennow, K (2002) Studies of the pathophysiological mechanisms in frontotemporal dementia by proteome analysis of CSF proteins. MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH 109: 128-133

de Mendonca, A, Ribeiro, F, Guerreiro, M, Garcia, C (2004) Frontotemporal Mild Cognitive Impairment. JOURNAL OF ALZHEIMERS DISEASE 6: 1-9

de Silva, R, Hardy, J, Crook, J, Khan, N, Graham, EA, Morris, CM, Wood, NW, Lees, AJ (2002) The tau locus is not significantly associated with pathologically confirmed sporadic Parkinson's disease . NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS 330: 201-203

de Silva, R, Lashley, T, Gibb, G, Hanger, D, Hope, A, Reid, A, Bandopadhyay, R, Utton, M, Strand, C, Jowett, T, Khan, N, Anderton, B, Wood, N, Holton, J, Revesz, T, Lees, A (2003) Pathological inclusion bodies in tauopathies contain distinct complements of tau with three or four microtubule-binding repeat domains as demonstrated by new specific monoclonal antibodies. NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY 29: 288-302

DeTure, M, Ko, LW, Easson, C, Yen, SH (2002) tau assembly in inducible transfectants expressing wild-type or FTDP-17 tau . AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 161: 1711-1722

Dickson, DW, Bergeron, C, Chin, SS, Duyckaerts, C, Horoupian, D, Ikeda, K, Jellinger, K, Lantos, PL, Lippa, CF, Mirra, SS, Tabaton, M, Vonsattel, JP, Wakabayashi, K, Litvan, I (2002) Office of rare diseases neuropathologic criteria for corticobasal degeneration . JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY 61: 935-946

D'Souza, I, Schellenberg, GD (2002) Tau exon 10 expression involves a bipartite intron 10 regulatory sequence and weak 5' and 3 ' splice sites. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 277: 26587-26599

D'Souza, I, Schellenberg, GD (2005) Regulation of tau isoform expression and dementia. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE 1739: 104-115

Ermak, G, Davies, KJA (2003) DSCR1(Adapt78) - A Janus gene providing stress protection but causing Alzheimer's disease? IUBMB LIFE 55: 29-31

Faltraco, F, Teipel, SJ, Blennow, K, Moller, HJ, Hampel, H (2003) A new polymorphism in the cell division cycle 2 gene is associated with Alzheimer's disease and frontotemporal dementia. PHARMACOPSYCHIATRY 36: 72

Ferman, TJ, McRae, CA, Arvanitakis, Z, Tsuboi, Y, Vo, A, Wszolek, ZK (2003) Early and pre-symptomatic neuropsychological dysfunction in the PPND family with the N279K tau mutation. PARKINSONISM & RELATED DISORDERS 9: 265-270  

Ferrer, I (2004) Stress kinases involved in tau phosphorylation in Alzheimer's disease, tauopathies and APP transgenic mice. NEUROTOXICITY RESEARCH 6: 469-475

Ferrer, I, Barrachina, M, Puig, B (2002) Glycogen synthase kinase-3 is associated with neuronal and glial hyperphosphorylated tau deposits in Alzheimer's disease, Pick's disease, progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration . ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA 104: 583-591

Ferrer, I, Barrachina, M, Puig, B (2002) Anti-tau phospho-specific Ser(262) antibody recognizes a variety of abnormal hyperphosphorylated tau deposits in tauopathies including Pick bodies and argyrophilic grains . ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA 104: 658-664

Ferrer, I, Barrachina, M, Tolnay, M, Rey, MJ, Vidal, N, Carmona, M, Blanco, R, Puig, B (2003) Phosphorylated protein kinases associated with neuronal and glial tau deposits in argyrophilic grain disease. BRAIN PATHOLOGY 13: 62-78

Ferrer, I, Pastor, P, Rey, MJ, Munoz, E, Puig, B, Pastor, E, Oliva, R, Tolosa, E (2003) Tau phosphorylation and kinase activation in familial tauopathy linked to deln296 mutation. NEUROPATHOLOGY AND APPLIED NEUROBIOLOGY 29: 23-34

Gamblin, TC, Berry, RW, Binder, LI (2003) Tau polymerization: Role of the amino terminus. BIOCHEMISTRY 42: 2252-2257

Giasson, BI, Sampathu, DM, Wilson, CA, Vogelsberg-Ragaglia, V, Mushynski, WE, Lee, VMY (2002) The environmental toxin arsenite induces tau hyperphosphorylation . BIOCHEMISTRY 41: 15376-15387

Gislason, TB, Sjogren, M, Larsson, L, Skoog, I (2003) The prevalence of frontal variant frontotemporal dementia and the frontal lobe syndrome in a population based sample of 85 year olds. JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY NEUROSURGERY AND PSYCHIATRY 74: 867-871  

Goedert, M, Jakes, R (2005) Mutations causing neurodegenerative tauopathies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE 1739: 240-250

Goetz, CG (2003) Progressive supranucleare palsy. REVUE NEUROLOGIQUE 159: S25-S29

Goetz, CG, Leurgans, S, Lang, AE, Litvan, I (2003) Progression of gait, speech and swallowing deficits in progressive supranuclear palsy. NEUROLOGY 60: 917-922  

Graham, NL, Bak, TH, Hodges, JR (2003) Corticobasal degeneration as a cognitive disorder. MOVEMENT DISORDERS 18: 1224-1232

Granholm, ACE, Ford, KA, Hyde, LA, Bimonte, HA, Hunter, CL, Nelson, M, Albeck, D, Sanders, LA, Mufson, EJ, Crnic, LS (2002) Estrogen restores cognition and cholinergic phenotype in an animal model of Down syndrome . PHYSIOLOGY & BEHAVIOR 77: 371-385

Grazina, M, Silva, F, Santana, I, Santiago, B, Mendes, C, Simoes, M, Oliveira, M, Cunha, L, Oliveira, C (2004) Frontotemporal dementia and mitochondrial DNA transitions. NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE 15: 306-311

Greber-Platzer, S, Fleischmann, C, Nussbaumer, C, Cairns, N, Lubec, G (2003) Increased RNA levels of the 25 kDa synaptosomal associated protein in brain samples of adult patients with Down Syndrome. NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS 336: 77-80

Grover, A, England, E, Baker, M, Sahara, N, Adamson, J, Granger, B, Houlden, H, Passant, U, Yen, SH, DeTure, M, Hutton, M (2003) A novel tau mutation in exon 9 (1260V) causes a four-repeat tauopathy. EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY 184: 131-140

Gydesen, S, Brown, JM, Brun, A, Chakrabarti, L, Gade, A, Johannsen, P, Rossor, M, Thusgaard, T, Grove, A, Yancopoulou, D, Spillantini, MG, Fisher, EMC, Collinge, J, Sorensen, SA (2002) Chromosome 3 linked frontotemporal dementia (FTD-3) . NEUROLOGY 59: 1585-1594  

Haier, RJ, Alkire, MT, White, NS, Uncapher, MR, Head, E, Lott, IT, Cotman, CW (2003) Temporal cortex hypermetabolism in Down syndrome prior to the onset of dementia. NEUROLOGY 61: 1673-1679

Hamilton, RL (2003) The other dementias: The neuropathology of the non-Alzheimer's disease dementias. REVISTA DE NEUROLOGIA 37: 130-139

Hanger, DP, Gibb, GM, de Silva, R, Boutajangout, A, Brion, JP, Revesz, T, Lees, AJ, Anderton, BH (2002) The complex relationship between soluble and insoluble tau in tauopathies revealed by efficient dephosphorylation and specific antibodies . FEBS LETTERS 531: 538-542

Hartzler, AW, Zhu, XW, Siedlak, SL, Castellani, RJ, Avila, J, Perry, G, Smith, MA (2002) The p38 pathway is activated in Pick disease and progressive supranuclear palsy: a mechanistic link between mitogenic pathways, oxidative stress, and tau . NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING 23: 855-859

Hattori, M, Hashizume, Y, Yoshida, M, Iwasaki, Y, Hishikawa, N, Ueda, R, Ojika, K (2003) Distribution of astrocytic plaques in the corticobasal degeneration brain and comparison with tuft-shaped astrocytes in the progressive supranuclear palsy brain. ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA 106: 143-149

Head, E, Lott, IT, Cribbs, DH, Cotman, CW, Rohn, TT (2002) beta-amyloid deposition and neurofibrillary tangle association with caspase activation in Down syndrome . NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS 330: 99-103

Hernandez, F, Perez, M, Lucas, JJ, Mata, AM, Bhat, R, Avila, J (2004) Glycogen synthase kinase-3 plays a crucial role in tau exon 10 splicing and intranuclear distribution of SC35 - Implications for Alzheimer's disease. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 279: 3801-3806

Higuchi, M, Lee, VMY, Trojanowski, JQ (2002) Tau and axonopathy in neurodegenerative disorders . NEUROMOLECULAR MEDICINE 2: 131-150

Higuchi, M, Ishihara, T, Zhang, B, Hong, M, Andreadis, A, Trojanowski, JQ, Lee, VMY (2002) Transgenic mouse model of tauopathies with glial pathology and nervous system degeneration. NEURON 35; 433-446

Hill, DA, Gridley, G, Cnattingius, S, Mellemkjaer, L, Linet, M, Adami, HO, Olsen, JH, Nyren, O, Fraumeni, JF (2003) Mortality and cancer incidence among individuals with Down syndrome. ARCHIVES OF INTERNAL MEDICINE 163: 705-711

Holmberg, B, Johnels, B, Blennow, K, Rosengren, L (2003) Cerebrospinal fluid a beta 42 is reduced in multiple system atrophy but normal in Parkinson's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. MOVEMENT DISORDERS 18: 186-190

Horiguchi, T, Uryu, K, Giasson, BI, Ischiropoulos, H, LightFoot, R, Bellmann, C, Richter-Landsberg, C, Lee, VMY, Trojanowski, JQ (2003) Nitration of tau protein is linked to neurodegeneration in tauopathies. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 163: 1021-1031

Hsu, JJ, Chiang, CH, Hsieh, CC, Hsieh, TT (2003) Elevated second-trimester maternal serum inhibin a levels in Asian pregnancies with fetal down syndrome and other chromosomal abnormalities. FETAL DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY 18: 105-110

Husseman, JW, Nochlin, D and Vincent, I (2000) Mitotic activation: a convergent mechanism for a cohort of neurodegenerative diseases. NEUROBIOLOGY OF AGING 21: 815-828

Ingram, EM, Spillantini, MG (2002) Tau gene mutations: dissecting the pathogenesis of FTDP-17 . TRENDS IN MOLECULAR MEDICINE 8: 555-562

Iqbal, K, Alonso, ADC, Chen, S, Chohan, MO, El-Akkad, E, Gong, CX, Khatoon, S, Li, B, Liu, F, Rahman, A, Tanimukai, H, Grundke-Iqbal, I (2005) Tau pathology in Alzheimer disease and other tauopathies. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE 1739: 198-210

Ishizawa, T, Ko, LW, Cookson, N, Davies, P, Espinoza, M, Dickson, DW (2002) Selective neurofibrillary degeneration of the hippocampal CA2 sector is associated with four-repeat tauopathies . JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY 61: 1040-1047

Ishizawa, T, Mattila, P, Davies, P, Wang, DS, Dickson, DW (2003) Colocalization of tau and alpha-synuclein epitopes in Lewy bodies. JOURNAL OF NEUROPATHOLOGY AND EXPERIMENTAL NEUROLOGY 62: 389-397  

Jiang, ZH, Tang, H, Havlioglu, N, Zhang, XC, Stamm, S, Yan, RQ, Wu, JY (2003) Mutations in tau gene exon 10 associated with FTDP-17 alter the activity of an exonic splicing enhancer to interact with Tra2 beta. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 278: 18997-19007

Johansson, A, Hampel, H, Faltraco, F, Buerger, K, Minthon, L, Bogdanovic, N, Sjogren, M, Zetterberg, H, Forsell, L, Lilius, L, Wahlund, LO, Rymo, L, Prince, JA, Blennow, K (2003) Increased frequency of a new polymorphism in the cycle 2 (cdc2) gene in patients with Alzheimer's disease frontotemporal dementia. NEUROSCIENCE LETTERS 340: 69-73

Josephs, KA, Ishizawa, T, Tsuboi, Y, Cookson, N, Dickson, DW (2002) A clinicopathological study of vascular progressive supranuclear palsy - A multi-infarct disorder presenting as progressive supranuclear palsy . ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY 59: 1597-1601

Kasashima, S, Oda, Y (2003) Cholinergic neuronal loss in the basal forebrain and mesopontine tegmentum of progressive supranuclear palsy and corticobasal degeneration. ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA 105: 117-124

Kato, N, Arai, K, Hattori, T (2003) Study of the rostral midbrain atrophy in progressive supranuclear palsy. JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES 210: 57-60  

Katsuse, O, Iseki, E, Arai, T, Akiyama, H, Togo, T, Uchikado, H, Kato, M, de Silva, R, Lees, A, Kosaka, K (2003) 4-repeat tauopathy sharing pathological and biochemical features of corticobasal degeneration and progressive supranuclear palsy. ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA 106: 251-260

Kertesz, A (2003) Pick complex: An integrative approach to frontotemporal dementia - Primary progressive aphasia, corticobasal degeneration, and progressive supranuclear palsy. NEUROLOGIST 9: 311-317

Kertesz, A, Munoz, DG (2002) Frontotemporal dementia. MEDICAL CLINICS OF NORTH AMERICA 86: 501-520

Kertesz, A, Munoz, DG (2003) Primary progressive aphasia and Pick complex. JOURNAL OF THE NEUROLOGICAL SCIENCES 206: 97-107

Kikuchi, K, Arawaka, S, Koyama, S, Kimura, H, Ren, CH, Wada, M, Kawanami, T, Kurita, K, Daimon, M, Kawakatsu, S, Kadoya, T, Goto, K, Kato, T (2003) An N-terminal fragment of ProSAAS (a granin-like neuroendocrine peptide precursor) is associated with tau inclusions in Pick's disease. BIOCHEMICAL AND BIOPHYSICAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 308: 646-654

Kim, JM, Lee, KH, Choi, YL, Choe, GY, Jeon, BS (2002) Levodopa-induced dyskinesia in an autopsy-proven case of progressive supranuclear palsy . MOVEMENT DISORDERS 17: 1089-1090

Kleiner-Fisman, G, Black, SE, Lang, AE (2003) Neurodegenerative disease and the evolution of art: The effects of presumed corticobasal degeneration in a professional artist. MOVEMENT DISORDERS 18: 294-302

Ko, LW, DeTure, M, Sahara, N, Chihab, R, Vega, IE, Yen, SH (2005) Recent advances in experimental modeling of the assembly of tau filaments. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR BASIS OF DISEASE 1739: 125-139

Ko, LW, DeTure, M, Sahara, N, Chihab, R, Yen, SH (2002) Cellular models for tau filament assembly. JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE 19: 311-316

Kobayashi, T, Ota, S, Tanaka, K, Ito, Y, Hasegawa, M, Umeda, Y, Motoi, Y, Takanashi, M, Yasuhara, M, Anno, M, Mizuno, Y, Mori, H (2003) A novel L266V mutation of the tau gene causes frontotemporal dementia with a unique tau pathology. ANNALS OF NEUROLOGY 53: 133-137

Kosik, KS, Ahn, J, Stein, R, Yeh, LA (2002) Discovery of compounds that will prevent tau pathology . JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR NEUROSCIENCE 19: 261-266

Kovacs, GG, Laszlo, L, Kovacs, J, Jensen, PH, Lindersson, E, Botond, G, Molnar, T, Perczel, A, Hudecz, F, Mezo, G, Erdei, A, Tirian, L, Lehotzky, A, Gelpi, E, Budka, H, Ovadi, J (2004) Natively unfolded tubulin polymerization promoting protein TPPP/p25 is a common marker of alpha-synucleinopathies. NEUROBIOLOGY OF DISEASE 17: 155-162

Kowalska, A (2002) Molecular genetics of frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism linked to chromosome 17 (FTDP-17) . FOLIA NEUROPATHOLOGICA 40: 111-118

Kowalska, A, Takahashi, K, Kozubski, W, Tabira, T (2003) Microtubule associated protein (Tau) gene variability in patients with frontotemporal dementia. FOLIA NEUROPATHOLOGICA 40: 1-5  

Kraemer, BC, Zhang, B, Leverenz, JB, Thomas, JH, Trojanowski, JQ, Schellenberg, GD (2003) Neurodegeneration and defective neurotransmission in a Caenorhabditis elegans model of tauopathy. PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 100: 9980-9985

Kuazi, AD, Kito, K, Abe, Y, Shin, RW, Kamitani, T, Ueda, N (2003) NEDD8 protein is involved in ubiquitinated inclusion bodies. JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 199: 259-266

Lee, EB, Skovronsky, DM, Abtahian, F, Doms, RW, Lee, VMY (2003) Secretion and intracellular generation of truncated A beta in beta-Site Amyloid-beta precursor protein-cleaving enzyme expressing human neurons. JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 278: 4458-4466  

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Neumann, M, Muller, V, Gorner, K, Kretzschmar, HA, Haass, C, Kahle, PJ (2004) Pathological properties of the Parkinson's disease-associated protein DJ-1 in alpha-synucleinopathies and tauopathies: relevance for multiple system atrophy and Pick's disease. ACTA NEUROPATHOLOGICA 107: 489-496

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